This this study identifies intraorganizational characteristics that enable Russian industrial companies to cross the Innovation Valley of Death (VoD), determines how factors specific to high-tech industrial companies–organizational and product complexity and market turbulence–influence their ability to do so, and examines how this ability relates to radical innovation performance. The study was based on a survey of 138 managers at Russian industrial companies who were directly involved in innovation. Data on organizational and product complexity, market turbulence, and companies’ ability to cross the VoD were collected through a questionnaire using 7-point Likert scales. Control variables included company size, market type (B2B/B2C), and industry dummy variables. The data were analyzed using regression models, including a test for a curvilinear relationship. The results show that product complexity has a significant positive effect on companies’ ability to cross the VoD. They also confirm the moderating role of market turbulence in high-tech markets: it weakens the negative effect of organizational complexity while strengthening the positive effect of product complexity on companies’ ability to cross the VoD. Furthermore, the analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between companies’ ability to cross the VoD and radical innovation performance. The study demonstrates that radical innovation performance peaks when companies use approximately 65–70% of basic research results in product or technology development, rather than at the maximum possible level. The study’s contribution lies in conceptualizing the Valley of Death as a managerial challenge for companies rather than solely as a gap between science and business. A key practical finding challenges the assumption that commercializing more ideas invariably improves performance. The findings indicate an optimal level of use of basic research results: exceeding this level reduces radical innovation performance because of resource constraints. This offers managers practical guidance for fine-tuning innovation processes.

The article develops a methodological approach to assessing the efficiency of digital interactions within a manufacturing organization amid digital transformation, platformization, and the emergence of ecosystem-based forms of coordination. The relevance of the study stems from the inability of traditional performance indicators to adequately capture organizational performance in a digitally networked environment, where the speed, connectivity, transparency, cost, and completion of digital interactions between internal units and external actors become increasingly important. The study aims to develop a composite indicator and a system of component indicators for assessing the efficiency of digital interactions within a manufacturing organization based on transactional tomography. The methodological framework is based on functional analysis, which allows digital interactions to be viewed as a set of transactions performing coordination, information-sharing, control, alignment, and adaptation functions. The article proposes a conceptual framework for transactional tomography as a method for analyzing digital interactions across multiple layers and dimensions: actor, functional, process, temporal, cost, structural, performance, and ecosystem. A system of component indicators is developed and organized into six groups: time efficiency, cost efficiency, structural efficiency, functional coverage, transaction performance, and ecosystem synchronization. On this basis, the study proposes a composite digital interaction efficiency index and a tomographic efficiency coefficient. These measures enable a comprehensive assessment of the digital architecture of a manufacturing organization and help identify bottlenecks, redundant approval paths, overloaded nodes, and areas of weak interorganizational alignment. The novelty of the study lies in conceptualizing digital interactions as a multidimensional transactional structure that can be quantitatively assessed using tomographic analysis. The practical significance of the proposed framework lies in its applicability to digital interaction audits, digital transformation monitoring, business process reengineering, supply chain management, and the improvement of management control systems in manufacturing organizations.

The purpose of this study is to examine the problem of harmonizing theory and practice in the management of digital business transformation and to conceptualize platform-based approaches to knowledge management in this field. This objective determined the two-stage research design of the study. In the first stage, an in-depth analysis was conducted to assess how management solutions for digital business transformation are represented in Russian academic literature. Based on an empirical study of the contribution made by the academic community to addressing practical issues of digital business transformation, the authors identified the extent to which relevant research is represented in the literature and assessed the practical significance of its findings. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the views of Russian and foreign researchers was performed. This analysis revealed both the convergence of Russian and international perspectives on the development of digital business transformation theory and several points of differentiation. The study found that theoretical research cannot be fully developed without feedback from the business community, while business organizations require methodological support but are constrained by institutional limitations. After identifying the imbalance between theory and practice in digital business transformation and determining its causes, the second stage of the study focused on conceptualizing platform-based approaches to knowledge management in this area. Since the state is also a stakeholder in digitalization processes, the authors conceptualized the possibilities and prospects of applying a platform-based approach to the organization of cooperation between the academic and business communities in the field of digital business transformation. As a result, a configuration model of a platform ecosystem for interaction between the academic and business communities is proposed.

The article proposes a methodology that integrates methods, models, algorithms, and tools for predictive strategic risk assessment in fuel and energy sector (FES) companies to support managerial decision-making under uncertainty in the short, medium, and long term . The methodology rests on scientifically grounded premises, assumptions, and constraints: the financial position of an FES company is treated as an indicator of the cumulative impact of strategic threats, and the indicators describing this position are modeled by a joint lognormal distribution. The study provides a theoretical rationale for using the mode of the multivariate distribution of FES companies’ financial indicators as the industry benchmark vector. To improve the quality and reliability of the methodological basis for quantitative strategic risk assessment, it substantiates an integrated measure based on the Mahalanobis distance. This distance captures the deviation of a multivariate vector describing an FES company’s financial position from the industry benchmark. The article also develops a method for determining strategic risk levels by identifying statistically significant deviations of companies’ financial indicator vectors from this benchmark using the proposed integrated measure. Simulation modeling is used to analyze changes in strategic risk levels under different scenarios of financial indicator dynamics in FES companies. The proposed Monte Carlo algorithm uses revenue as the controllable stress-testing variable and evaluates changes in the integrated strategic risk measure under controlled revenue variations and simulated uncertainty. Simulation results an therefore serve as a basis for developing strategic threat profiles and assessing strategic risks in fuel and energy sector companies. Calculations based on model-generated data demonstrate the viability of the proposed methodology, and its testing confirms the feasibility of practical implementation.

Digitalization is one of the key trends in the development of the Russian electric power industry. It is aimed at improving the efficiency of energy generation and management systems in energy companies. At the same time, sectoral digital transformation programs will have to be implemented in the coming years amid a severe shortage of qualified personnel. This requires a revision of personnel training principles and the introduction of new educational formats that encourage employees to build long-term, systematic careers in the energy sector. The article identifies a set of critically scarce competencies required by engineers of energy companies involved in digitalization projects and describes their content. Technologies for developing these competencies are demonstrated using the case of the Sverdlovsk Branch of PJSC T Plus, one of the largest energy companies in the Russian Federation. The article discusses challenges in personnel training within secondary vocational, higher, and corporate education. Based on their systematization, a set of recommendations is proposed for introducing continuous and future-oriented training formats and developing a talent pool.

This article presents selected findings of an ontological analysis and examines the problems associated with the conceptual triad of challenges, risks, and threats. These problems arise both from the external environment and from the human factor. The triad affects the safety and efficiency of professional activity at the microeconomic level, particularly in research and design organizations involved in restoration projects for immovable cultural heritage properties. A literature review of sources addressing the problem under study is provided. The aim of the study is formulated as the search for ways to prevent the influence of this triad on the efficiency of the work performed, and the tasks required to achieve this aim are outlined. The study focuses on the assessment of comprehensive damage and indirect losses, as well as on approaches to measuring the effects produced by the triad. The range of methods and tools used in the study is specified. Several interim original results are obtained that identify the mechanism through which the triad contributes to error formation; the conceptual framework is refined, and a classification of challenges, risks, and threats representing real hazards is proposed. The triad may cause significant damage to an economic entity, impair its market activity, and damage its business reputation and brand value or, conversely, become a window of opportunity. The article presents a case involving the identification and correction of an error in the working documentation of a restoration project for an immovable cultural heritage property of regional significance after the documentation had passed expert review. Promising areas for further research are outlined, including a systematic study of triad formation and the use of threat assessment approaches in strategizing and planning systems. The results are discussed, and two interim conclusions are drawn.

Digitalization has reshaped how entrepreneurs recognize opportunities, access resources, design business models, and scale new ventures. Yet the literature on digital entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial ecosystems, digital platforms, and digital startups remains fragmented. Many studies treat digital technologies as a broad context for transformation, whereas far fewer examine digital affordances as a mechanism explaining entrepreneurial behavior. The article synthesizes the literature at the intersection of affordance theory, digital entrepreneurship, and digital entrepreneurial ecosystems and identifies the mechanisms through which digital affordances influence entrepreneurial processes. The study employs a systematic literature review design guided by PRISMA 2020. The final review sample comprises 24 publications selected on the basis of thematic relevance, scholarly impact, and substantive application of the affordance perspective. Five research clusters were identified: opportunity recognition; access to resources and support; business model innovation; ecosystem and platform dynamics; and the emergence and scaling of digital startups. The review shows that digital affordances constitute an intermediate sociotechnical layer linking the technological properties of the digital environment to entrepreneurial outcomes. They reduce transaction costs, broaden the range of knowledge sources, accelerate experimentation, and may simultaneously increase platform dependence. The practical contribution of the study lies in proposing a typology of digital affordances and an analytical framework for examining them as targets of managerial intervention and entrepreneurship support policy. The article’s originality lies in integrating fragmented streams of literature through an affordance-based framework and shifting the analytical focus from digitalization in general to configurations of digital affordances that are relevant to entrepreneurs.

Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) has evolved from a peripheral topic in organization studies into a distinct research field that integrates perspectives from strategic management, entrepreneurship, and organization theory. Despite five decades of research, the field remains terminologically fragmented and lacks a theoretically grounded periodization. This article addresses this gap. Drawing on Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programs and Whitley's concept of the intellectual organization of the sciences, it proposes a four-phase periodization: emergence and conceptual formation (1970s–early 1980s); terminological debates and operationalization (mid-1980s–1990s); strategic consolidation (2000s); and institutionalization and contextualization (2010s–present). Each phase is characterized by its hard core of assumptions, central research question, key studies, and the factors that prompted the transition to the next phase. The periodization explains not only the chronology but also the logic of successive research programs: why the field debated definitions for so long, why strategic entrepreneurship gained traction rapidly, and why the current phase focuses on context. The article advances three arguments: transitions between phases were not gradual but involved shifts in the field’s basic assumptions; the field systematically borrows theories from adjacent disciplines while rarely tests their applicability beyond their original contexts; and the central task of the current phase is not to broaden the geographic scope of research but to reconsider the theoretical constructs themselves, whose embedded assumptions were shaped primarily by the American institutional context and are not universally applicable. The article concludes by outlining directions for future research on corporate entrepreneurship in state-owned enterprises and extractive industries, taking institutional and industry-specific characteristics into account.

The oil, gas, and petrochemical industries constitute as a complex system characterized by extensive interdependencies among multiple actors and a wide variety of resource flows. Effective management of these flows is the foundamental to the stability of the industries concerned. This study examines resource planning in interorganizational systems involving business entities operating in the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries. The study aimed to conceptualized the existing problems and develop a model for effective resource planning within such systems. The methods employed included observation, systems analysis, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, generalization, economic and mathematical modeling, and optimization. Based on the technological principles and the current operating conditions of oil, gas, and petrochemical production, the specific characteristics of resource flows within interorganizational systems were identified, and the available resource planning and management tools were analyzed accordingly. Barriers to effective resource planning in interorganizational systems of interaction in the Russian oil, gas, and petrochemical industries were identified. A conceptual economic and mathematical model of resource planning efficiency was developed. The model can be used to determing the optimal volumes and routes of resource flows within an interorganizational system. An approach to measuring the entropy of resource flows within systems comprising interacting business entities was also proposed. The developed model can serve as an component of an adaptive resource flow management framework used when establishing industrial clusters and other forms of interorganizational cooperation in the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries. The causal relationships identified in the study should be considered both in strategy development and operational management by industry participants and in the formulation and implemention of government policies regulating the development and operation of these industries.

High-tech products are promoted under heightened uncertainty and information asymmetry: prior to purchase or implementation, audiences often lack the hands-on experience needed to independently assess the claimed effects. Expert interpretation, trust building, and the market legitimation of innovations are therefore critical to high-tech marketing. This article conceptualizes scientific communities as epistemic networks that produce and validate knowledge, establish standards of evidence, and disseminate expert assessments through professional communication channels. Based on a synthesis of the literature on innovation and high-tech marketing, technology acceptance and diffusion, the sociology of science, and institutional theory, the article proposes a conceptual model of how scientific communities influence high-tech product promotion. The model identifies three mechanisms: the translation of expert knowledge and the resulting reduction in information asymmetry, trust building through scientific authority, and product legitimation within professional and market fields. The article also highlights a research gap: high-tech marketing, research on epistemic communities, and institutional theory have largely developed in isolation, and the connections among them remain underexplored. Scientific communities are therefore viewed not as a passive resource but as independent actors in their own right in process of recognition, with their own logic of interpretive and reputational competition. The proposed model links the three mechanisms to the cultural and institutional conditions that determine their effectiveness and helps explain variations in marketing outcomes across different settings. The strength of these mechanisms depends on cultural norms concerning technology interpretation and trust, as well as on institutional rules of recognition, incentive systems, and infrastructures supporting interaction between science and business. The model may provide a basis for further empirical testing and for operationalizing the role of scientific communities in high-tech product promotion.

This study provides a comparative analysis of trade policy liberalization models based on eight country case studies covering fundamentally different institutional, political, and economic conditions. The study aims to identify the key determinants of the success or failure of trade reforms, including the effects of the initial level of protectionism, the presence of institutional anchors, and the type of political regime. The methodology is based on comparative case study analysis. The empirical basis comprises eight country cases grouped by reform trajectory: full liberalization (Chile, Switzerland), reforms in transition economies (Russia, Poland), openness without democratization (Singapore, Vietnam), and reform reversal (Argentina, Indonesia). The analysis includes a historical review of reforms, an assessment of their macroeconomic consequences and institutional context, and draws on a broad range of Russian and international academic literature. The study yields four key conclusions. First, it confirms the asymmetry of transition costs: a radical reduction of barriers when initial tariffs are high generates large-scale shocks, whereas liberalization under already low tariffs minimizes costs. Second, the presence of an external institutional anchor significantly enhances the sustainability and legitimacy of reforms. Third, the type of political regime is not a determinant of trade openness; authoritarian systems can integrate effectively into the global economy. Fourth, a return to protectionism is a response to macroeconomic crises and, in the long term, constrains the renewal of the productive base. The originality and significance of the findings lie in synthesizing dispersed empirical evidence into a unified analytical framework. The study challenges a number of established assumptions, in particular the presumed direct link between democratization and economic prosperity. The proposed typology of liberalization models and the findings on the role of institutional factors provide public authorities and the expert community with a practical tool for diagnosing optimal reform strategies and assessing the risks of retreat from trade openness.